Objective:

To assess geographic atrophy (GA) lesion characteristics that elevate a patient’s risk of progression, particularly in the context of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Key Findings:

• GA lesions present as well-demarcated areas of retinal atrophy, often surrounded by hyperpigmentation, indicating potential disease progression.
• FAF imaging is effective for early detection of GA, highlighting areas of decreased autofluorescence.
• OCT provides detailed views of retinal layers, assessing tissue loss and damage.
• Certain lesion characteristics, such as multifocality and extrafoveal location, indicate a higher risk of faster progression, suggesting a more aggressive disease course.

Interpretation:

Timely detection and monitoring of GA are crucial for preventing vision loss, as visual acuity does not always correlate with disease progression. Optometrists play a key role in this process.

Limitations:

• The progression of GA varies among patients, complicating risk assessment and treatment responses.
• Visual acuity may not accurately reflect the extent of GA progression.

Conclusion:

Optometrists play a vital role in the early detection of GA, enabling timely referrals for treatment to slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes.